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# Large Language Models (LLMs) Explained for NDIS Participants Imagine having a digital assistant that understands your unique needs, helps you navigate complex systems, and provides personalised support 24/7. This isn't science fiction – it's the reality of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their growing role in assistive technology for people with disabilities. As artificial intelligence transforms how we interact with technology, NDIS participants are discovering new possibilities for independence, communication, and daily living support. Large Language Models are sophisticated AI systems trained on vast amounts of text data, enabling them to understand and generate human-like responses. For NDIS participants, these technologies are opening doors to innovative [assistive technology solutions](https://www.ndis.gov.au/participants/assistive-technology-explained) that can adapt to individual needs, learn from user interactions, and provide increasingly personalised support. From voice-controlled home automation to intelligent communication aids, LLMs are revolutionising what's possible in disability support technology. ## Introduction to Large Language Models (LLMs) Large Language Models represent a breakthrough in artificial intelligence technology that's particularly relevant for people with disabilities. At their core, LLMs are computer programs trained to understand and generate human language with remarkable accuracy and nuance. Unlike traditional software that follows rigid programming rules, LLMs can interpret context, understand intent, and provide flexible, conversational responses. For NDIS participants, this technology translates into assistive tools that can adapt to different communication styles, learning difficulties, and accessibility needs. Whether you're someone who communicates differently due to autism, requires cognitive support following a brain injury, or needs assistance with daily planning due to intellectual disability, LLMs can be programmed to understand your unique way of expressing yourself and respond appropriately. The applications are diverse and growing. LLMs power voice assistants that can control smart home devices, communication apps that help non-speaking individuals express complex thoughts, and planning tools that break down overwhelming tasks into manageable steps. They can read text aloud with natural-sounding voices, translate complex information into easy-read formats, and even provide emotional support through conversational interfaces. What makes LLMs particularly valuable for disability support is their ability to personalise interactions. Traditional assistive technology often requires users to adapt to the technology's limitations. LLMs flip this relationship, learning from each interaction to better serve the individual user's needs, preferences, and communication patterns. The [NDIS recognises assistive technology](https://www.ndis.gov.au/participants/assistive-technology-explained) as any equipment, software, or system that helps participants perform tasks they couldn't otherwise do, or do more easily, because of their disability. LLM-powered tools clearly fit this definition, offering new pathways to independence and participation in community life. ## NDIS Policies and LLM Integration The NDIS has been proactive in addressing the integration of AI-enabled assistive technology, including LLM applications. In November 2022, the NDIA released a comprehensive [Framework for artificial intelligence-enabled assistive technology](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/8492-framework-artificial-intelligence-enabled-assistive-technology-supports-under-ndis) that establishes clear principles for evaluating and funding AI-powered supports. This framework focuses on six key areas: user experience, value for money, quality and safety, privacy and security, and human rights considerations. For LLM-based assistive technology, this means providers must demonstrate that their solutions genuinely improve participants' daily living, offer reasonable value compared to alternatives, maintain high safety standards, protect user data, and respect individual dignity and choice. Recent legislative changes have also impacted how AI-enabled assistive technology is funded and accessed. The [NDIS Amendment Act 2024](https://ndis.gov.au/changes-ndis-legislation), effective from October 2024, introduced clearer definitions of approved supports and streamlined plan presentation. These changes make it easier for participants to understand what AI-enabled assistive technology might be available in their plans. The NDIS categorises assistive technology into three cost bands: low cost (under $1,500), mid cost ($1,500-$15,000), and high cost (over $15,000). Many LLM-powered applications fall into the low to mid cost categories, making them more accessible to participants. The [automatic approval threshold increase](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/7467-government-providing-quicker-and-easier-access-assistive-technology-ndis-participants) to $15,000 in March 2022 means many AI-enabled tools can be accessed quickly without extensive approval processes. The government has also invested significantly in improving NDIS IT systems, with [$83.9 million allocated in 2024](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/9828-reinforcing-sustainable-honest-and-trustworthy-ndis) to enhance digital interfaces and fraud detection. This investment supports better integration of advanced technologies, including LLM-powered tools, into the NDIS ecosystem. For participants interested in LLM-enabled assistive technology, the key policy message is clear: the NDIS is committed to supporting innovative technologies that deliver genuine benefits. However, all AI-enabled supports must meet the same fundamental criteria as traditional assistive technology – they must be reasonable, necessary, and directly related to your disability support needs. ## Accessing AI-Enabled AT through NDIS Getting LLM-powered assistive technology through your NDIS plan follows the same fundamental process as accessing any assistive technology, but with some specific considerations for AI-enabled tools. Understanding the eligibility criteria and application steps can help you navigate this process successfully. First, you'll need to meet the basic [NDIS eligibility requirements](https://www.ndis.gov.au/applying-access-ndis/am-i-eligible): being aged 9-65 (or under 9 for early intervention), an Australian citizen or eligible visa holder, residing in Australia, and having a permanent impairment requiring disability-specific supports. For those under 9 or where early intervention might reduce future support needs, [early intervention criteria](https://www.ndis.gov.au/applying-access-ndis/am-i-eligible) may apply. The application process begins with demonstrating how LLM-enabled assistive technology addresses your specific disability-related needs. This requires evidence from qualified professionals such as occupational therapists, speech pathologists, or other allied health practitioners who can assess your requirements and recommend appropriate AI-powered solutions. For computer-based assistive technology, including LLM applications, the NDIS requires [evidence from an AT advisor](https://ourguidelines.ndis.gov.au/supports-you-can-access-menu/equipment-and-technology/assistive-technology/how-can-you-get-assistive-technology-your-plan) confirming the device's necessity due to your disability. This might involve demonstrating how an AI-powered communication app helps you express complex thoughts, or how a smart home system controlled by voice commands increases your independence. The assessment process considers several factors: whether the technology helps you perform tasks you couldn't otherwise do, if it reduces your need for other supports, whether it's cost-effective compared to alternatives, and if it aligns with your goals and preferences. For example, if an LLM-powered planning app helps you manage daily routines independently, reducing the need for support worker hours, this demonstrates clear value. Working with experienced providers is crucial. [Empowering NDIS Participants: Choosing Your Own](/posts/empowering-ndis-participants-choosing-your-own-support-providers-f9164425) support providers can help you find professionals who understand both AI technology and NDIS requirements. Many occupational therapists now have experience with AI-enabled tools – [Maximizing the Benefits of Occupational Therapy](/posts/maximizing-the-benefits-of-occupational-therapy-for-ndis-participants-0296dfd0) for NDIS participants often includes technology assessments. Decision timeframes are [28 days for low and mid-cost items, and 50 days for high-cost items](https://ourguidelines.ndis.gov.au/supports-you-can-access-menu/equipment-and-technology/assistive-technology/how-can-you-get-assistive-technology-your-plan). If you're applying for your first NDIS plan, assistive technology needs are considered during the initial plan approval process. Remember that you can [choose any registered provider](https://www.ndis.gov.au/participants/assistive-technology-explained) unless your plan specifies otherwise. This flexibility allows you to work with specialists who understand both your disability needs and the latest AI-enabled assistive technology options. ## Challenges and Solutions in Adopting LLMs While LLM-powered assistive technology offers tremendous potential, several challenges can impact adoption for NDIS participants. Understanding these barriers and available solutions helps ensure successful implementation of AI-enabled supports. One significant challenge is the limited guidance available for evaluating AI-enabled assistive technology. The [AI-enabled AT Framework](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/8492-framework-artificial-intelligence-enabled-assistive-technology-supports-under-ndis) addresses this by establishing clear principles, but participants and providers still face difficulty finding consistent, reliable information about specific LLM applications. The solution involves ongoing education and resources development, with the NDIA working with industry partners to create practical guidance materials. Cost considerations present another hurdle. While many LLM applications fall within accessible price ranges, ensuring [value for money and safety](https://ourguidelines.ndis.gov.au/would-we-fund-it/assistive-technologies/recliners-and-lift-chairs) remains paramount, particularly for higher-cost items. The NDIS addresses this by requiring quotes, benchmarking costs against alternatives, and considering whether the technology genuinely reduces other support needs. The rapid pace of technology evolution can outpace guidelines and assessment processes. AI technology advances quickly, potentially making assessment criteria outdated before they're fully implemented. The Framework's roadmap and [ongoing industry workshops](https://dataresearch.ndis.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/market-stewardship-and-employment/markets-and-innovations-research) help address this by regularly updating principles and resources based on emerging evidence and user experiences. Professional assessment requirements can delay access to needed technology. However, the NDIS has built-in solutions, including a [$500 Capacity Building Improved Daily Living budget](https://www.ndis.gov.au/participants/assistive-technology-explained) for AT advice and streamlined evidence requirements for mid-cost items. This allows participants to access professional guidance while reducing bureaucratic delays. Privacy and security concerns are particularly relevant for LLM applications that process personal information. The Framework addresses this by requiring providers to demonstrate robust data protection measures and transparent privacy policies. Participants should ask providers about data storage, sharing practices, and user control over personal information. Training and support needs can be substantial with AI-enabled technology. Unlike traditional assistive technology with fixed functions, LLM applications often require ongoing learning and adaptation. Successful implementation includes comprehensive training, ongoing technical support, and regular review of how well the technology meets changing needs. [Empowering NDIS Participants: A Guide to](/posts/ndis-person-centred-emergency-preparedness-guide) person-centred planning includes considering technology support needs in emergency situations. The solution framework emphasises collaboration between participants, families, support teams, and technology providers to address these challenges systematically and ensure AI-enabled assistive technology delivers genuine benefits. ## Future of LLMs in NDIS Assistive Technology The future of Large Language Models in NDIS assistive technology points toward increasingly sophisticated, personalised, and integrated support systems. As AI technology continues advancing, we can expect to see LLM applications that better understand individual communication patterns, learn from user preferences, and provide more nuanced, contextually appropriate assistance. Emerging trends suggest LLM-powered assistive technology will become more predictive and proactive. Instead of simply responding to requests, future systems may anticipate needs based on patterns, routines, and environmental factors. For example, an AI assistant might recognise signs of anxiety in communication patterns and proactively suggest coping strategies, or notice changes in daily routines that might indicate health concerns. Integration with Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart home technology will expand significantly. LLMs will likely serve as central coordinators for comprehensive home automation systems, managing everything from lighting and temperature to medication reminders and emergency alerts. This integration promises greater independence for participants with complex support needs. The development of more specialised LLMs trained on disability-specific datasets will improve accuracy and relevance for NDIS participants. These models will better understand disability terminology, support needs, and communication preferences, providing more effective assistance across different disability types and individual requirements. Collaborative AI systems that work alongside human support workers represent another promising direction. Rather than replacing human support, LLMs will augment professional capabilities, helping support workers access relevant information quickly, document interactions more efficiently, and identify potential issues or opportunities for improved support. The NDIA's commitment to [ongoing research and evaluation](https://dataresearch.ndis.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/market-stewardship-and-employment/markets-and-innovations-research) ensures that policy frameworks will evolve alongside technological capabilities. This includes regular review of the AI-enabled AT Framework, updated guidance materials, and continued engagement with participants, providers, and technology developers. Cost reduction through technological advancement will make sophisticated LLM applications more accessible to NDIS participants. As AI technology becomes more efficient and widespread, the cost of implementing personalised AI assistants and specialised communication tools will decrease, potentially moving many applications into lower cost categories. The integration of LLMs with other emerging technologies like augmented reality, brain-computer interfaces, and advanced sensors will create entirely new categories of assistive technology. These combinations may enable support solutions we can barely imagine today, from AI-powered prosthetics that learn user preferences to environmental systems that adapt automatically to changing needs. ## Conclusion Large Language Models represent a transformative opportunity for NDIS participants, offering personalised, adaptive, and increasingly sophisticated assistive technology solutions. From communication aids that understand individual expression styles to smart home systems that anticipate daily needs, LLM-powered tools are expanding possibilities for independence, participation, and quality of life. The NDIS framework supports this technological evolution through clear policies, streamlined access processes, and ongoing commitment to innovation. While challenges exist around evaluation, cost, and implementation, the solutions framework provides pathways for successful adoption of AI-enabled assistive technology. As this technology continues advancing, the key to success lies in maintaining focus on individual needs, ensuring genuine benefit, and supporting participants through the adoption process. Whether you're exploring communication apps, smart home solutions, or planning tools, remember that the best assistive technology is the technology that works for your unique situation and goals. For personalised guidance on accessing LLM-powered assistive technology through your NDIS plan, consider connecting with Sandi AI at [https://sandi.app](https://sandi.app) for expert support tailored to your specific needs and circumstances. The future of AI-enabled disability support is here, and with the right information and support, you can harness these powerful tools to enhance your independence and achieve your goals. ## References 1. [Assistive technology explained](https://www.ndis.gov.au/participants/assistive-technology-explained) 2. [Framework for artificial intelligence-enabled assistive technology as supports under the NDIS](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/8492-framework-artificial-intelligence-enabled-assistive-technology-supports-under-ndis) 3. [Changes to NDIS legislation](https://ndis.gov.au/changes-ndis-legislation) 4. [Government providing quicker and easier access to assistive technology for NDIS participants](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/7467-government-providing-quicker-and-easier-access-assistive-technology-ndis-participants) 5. [Reinforcing a sustainable, honest, and trustworthy NDIS](https://www.ndis.gov.au/news/9828-reinforcing-sustainable-honest-and-trustworthy-ndis) 6. [Am I eligible](https://www.ndis.gov.au/applying-access-ndis/am-i-eligible) 7. [How can you get assistive technology in your plan?](https://ourguidelines.ndis.gov.au/supports-you-can-access-menu/equipment-and-technology/assistive-technology/how-can-you-get-assistive-technology-your-plan) 8. [Recliners and lift chairs](https://ourguidelines.ndis.gov.au/would-we-fund-it/assistive-technologies/recliners-and-lift-chairs) 9. [Markets and innovations research](https://dataresearch.ndis.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/market-stewardship-and-employment/markets-and-innovations-research)

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Large Language Models (LLMs) Explained for NDIS Participants

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Large Language Models (LLMs) Explained for NDIS Participants